A One day International (ODI) is a form of limited overs
cricket, played between two teams with international status, in which each team
faces a fixed number of overs, usually fifty. The Cricket World Cup is played
in this format. One day International matches are also called "Limited
Overs Internationals (ODI)", although this generic term may also refer to
Twenty20 International matches.
The international one-day game is a late twentieth-century
development. The first ODI was played on 5 Economy is shown 1971 between
Australia and England at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. When the first three
days of the third Test were washed out officials decided to abandon the match
and, instead, play a one-off one day game consisting of 40 eight-ball overs per
side. Australia won the game by 5 wickets.
In the late 1970s, Kerry Packer established the rival World
Series Cricket (WSC) competition, and it introduced many of the features of one
Day International cricket that are now commonplace, including tinted uniforms,
matches played at night under floodlights with a white ball and dark sight
screens, and, for television broadcasts, multiple camera aspects, effects
microphones to capture sounds from the players on the pitch, and on-screen
graphics. The firstly the matches with tinted uniforms was the WSC Australians
in wattle gold versus WSC Western side Indians in coral pink, played atVFL Park
in Melbourne on 17 Economy is shown 1979. This led not only to Kerry Packer's
Funnel 9 getting the TV protection under the law to cricket in Australia but
also led to players worldwide being paid to play, and becoming international
professionals, no longer needing jobs outside of cricket.
Rules: In the main the Laws of cricket apply. However,
in ODI's each team gets to bat just a fixed number of overs. In the early days
of ODI cricket, the number of overs was generally 60 overs per side, and
matches were also tinkered with 40, 45 or fifty-five overs per side, but now it
has been uniformly fixed at 50 overs.
Simply stated, the game works as follows:
An ODI is contested by 2 teams of 11 players each.
The Captain of the side winning the throw chooses to either
softball bat or bowl (field) first.
The team batting first sets the objective score within a
innings. The innings lasts prior to the batting side is "all out"or
all of the first side's given overs are completed.
Each bowler is restricted to bowling at most 10 overs.
Therefore, each team must comprise at least five competent bowlers.
The team batting second tries to score more than the target
score in order to win the match. Similarly, the side bowling second tries to
bowl out the second team or make them exhaust their overs before they reach the
objective score in order to win.
If the number of runs have scored by both teams is equal when
the second team loses all of its wickets or exhausts all its overs, then the
game is declared a tie.
Where a number of overs are lost, for example, due to
inclement conditions, then the entire number of overs may be reduced; when this
occurs, the target in the run change, or the overall result may be determined
by the Duckworth-Lewis method. Where insufficient overs are played to apply the
Duckworth-Lewis method, a match is declared no result. Important one-day
matches, particularly in the latter levels of major tournaments, may have two
days reserve, such that a result may be accomplished on the "reserve
day" if the first day is washed out - either by playing a new game, or by
resuming the match which was rain-interrupted
Fielding Restrictions and Power Plays:
The bowling side is subjected to fielding constraints during an ODI, in order
to prevent teams from setting wholly defensive fields. Fielding constraints
dictate the most number of fieldsmen allowed to be beyond the thirty-yard
circle.
Under current ODI rules, there are three numbers of fielding
constraints:
In the first ten overs of an innings (the mandatory
powerplay or Powerplay 1), the fielding team may have at most two fieldsmen
beyond the thirty-yard circle. Additionally, at least two fieldsmen must be in
close catching positions, such as slip, gully or short point.
During the next 5-over limitation, known as the batting
powerplay, the fielding team may have at most three fieldsmen beyond the
thirty-yard circle, but there is no requirement for close catching fieldsmen.
The playing baseball captain has discretion on when the batting powerplay is
taken. This powerplay must be completed before the 40th overs of an
uninterrupted innings, and the team cannot choose not to take its powerplay. If
it is not invoked by the start of the 36th over, it is invoked automatically by
the umpire so that it is complete by the end of the 40th over.
For the remainder of the innings, the fielding team may have
at most four fieldsmen beyond the thirty-yard circle.
Where a match is shortened by rain, the duration of the
powerplays is adjusted to equal 30% of the team's overs wherever possible.
Fielding constraints were first introduced in 1992, with
only two fieldsmen allowed beyond the circle in the first fifteen overs, then
five fieldsmen allowed beyond the circle for the remaining overs. This became
shortened to ten overs in 2005, and two five-over powerplays were introduced,
with the bowling team having discretion over the timing for both. In 2008, the
playing baseball team was handed discretion for the timing of one of the two
powerplays. In 2011, the teams were restricted to completing the discretionary
powerplays between the 16th and 40th overs; previously, the powerplays could
take place at any time between the 11th and 50th overs. Finally, in 2012, the
bowling powerplay was abandoned, and the number of fielders allowed beyond the
30-yard circle during non-powerplay overs was reduced from five to four.
Trial regulations: The trial
regulations also introduced a substitution rule that allowed the introduction
of a replacement player at any stage in the match and until he was called up to
play he assumed the role of 12th man. Teams nominated their replacement player,
called a Supersub, before the toss. The Supersub could bat, bowl, field or keep
wicket once a player was replaced; the replaced player took over the role of
12th man. Over the six months it was in operation, it became specific that the
Supersub was of far more benefit aside that won the throw, unbalancing the game.
Several international captains reached "gentleman's agreements" to
discontinue this rule late in 2005. They continued to mention Supersubs, as
required, but they did not field them by simply using them as a normal 12th
man. On 15 February 2006, the ICC announced their purpose to you should stop
the Supersub rule on 21 years of age March 2006.
Tournaments: Most
ODI cricket occurs in a stand-alone series between two nations, immediately
before or following a test series. Triangular series or quadrangular series are
also common.There are two major ODI tourneys which feature most or all
permanent ODI teams, and often also associate members:
Cricket World Cup, played every
four years since 1975
ICC Winners Trophy, played every
two years from 1998 to 2013
